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ISL6209
Data Sheet March 2004 FN9132
High Voltage Synchronous Rectified Buck MOSFET Driver
The ISL6209 is a high frequency, dual MOSFET driver, optimized to drive two N-Channel power MOSFETs in a synchronous-rectified buck converter topology in mobile computing applications. This driver, combined with an Intersil Multi-Phase Buck PWM controller, such as ISL6216, ISL6244, and ISL6247, forms a complete single-stage core-voltage regulator solution for advanced mobile microprocessors. The ISL6209 features 4A typical sink current for the lower gate driver. The 4A typical sink current is capable of holding the lower MOSFET gate during the PHASE node rising edge to prevent the shoot-through power loss caused by the high dv/dt of the PHASE node. The operation voltage matches the 30V breakdown voltage of the MOSFETs commonly used in mobile computer power supplies. The ISL6209 also features a three-state PWM input that, working together with most of Intersil multiphase PWM controllers, will prevent a negative transient on the output voltage when the output is being shut down. This feature eliminates the Schottky diode, that is usually seen in a microprocessor power system for protecting the microprocessor, from reversed-output-voltage damage. The ISL6209 has the capacity to efficiently switch power MOSFETs at frequencies up to 2MHz. Each driver is capable of driving a 3000pF load with a 8ns propagation delay and less than a 10ns transition time. This product implements bootstrapping on the upper gate with an internal bootstrap Schottky diode, reducing implementation cost, complexity, and allowing the use of higher performance, cost effective N-Channel MOSFETs. Programmable dead-time with gate threshold monitoring is integrated to prevent both MOSFETs from conducting simultaneously.
Features
* Drives Two N-Channel MOSFETs * Shoot-Through Protection - Active Gate Threshold Monitoring - Programmable Dead-Time * 30V Operation Voltage * 0.4 On-Resistance and 4A Sink Current Capability * Supports High Switching Frequency - Fast Output Rise Time - Propagation Delay 8ns * Three-State PWM Input for Power Stage Shutdown * Internal Bootstrap Schottky Diode * QFN Package: - Compliant to JEDEC PUB95 MO-220 QFN - Quad Flat No Leads - Package Outline - Near Chip Scale Package footprint, which improves PCB efficiency and has a thinner profile * Pb-Free Available as an Option
Applications
* Core Voltage Supplies for Intel and AMD(R) Mobile Microprocessors * High Frequency Low Profile DC-DC Converters * High Current Low Output Voltage DC-DC Converters * High Input Voltage DC-DC Converter
Ordering Information
PART # ISL6209CB ISL6209CBZ (Note) ISL6209CB-T TEMP. RANGE (C) -10 to 100 -10 to 100 PACKAGE 8 Ld SOIC 8 Ld SOIC (Pb-free) PKG. DWG. # M8.15 M8.15
Related Literature
* Technical Brief TB363 "Guidelines for Handling and Processing Moisture Sensitive Surface Mount Devices (SMDs)" * Technical Brief TB389 "PCB Land Pattern Design and Surface Mount Guidelines for QFN Packages"
8 Ld SOIC Tape and Reel
ISL6209CBZ-T (Note) 8 Ld SOIC Tape and Reel (Pb-free) ISL6209CR ISL6209CRZ (Note) ISL6209CR-T -10 to 100 -10 to 100 8 Ld 3x3 QFN L8.3x3 8 Ld 3x3 QFN L8.3x3 (Pb-free)
8 Ld QFN Tape and Reel
ISL6209CRZ-T (Note) 8 Ld QFN Tape and Reel (Pb-free) NOTE: Intersil Pb-free products employ special Pb-free material sets; molding compounds/die attach materials and 100% matte tin plate termination finish, which is compatible with both SnPb and Pb-free soldering operations. Intersil Pb-free products are MSL classified at Pb-free peak reflow temperatures that meet or exceed the Pb-free requirements of IPC/JEDEC J Std-020B.
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CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures. 1-888-INTERSIL or 321-724-7143 | Intersil (and design) is a registered trademark of Intersil Americas Inc. Copyright (c) Intersil Americas Inc. 2004. All Rights Reserved. Intel(R) is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation. AMD(R) is a registered trademark of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners.
ISL6209 Pinouts
ISL6209 (SOIC) TOP VIEW
UGATE BOOT PWM GND 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 PHASE DELAY VCC LGATE BOOT 1 PWM 2 3 GND 4 6 6 DELAY 5 VCC
ISL6209 (QFN) TOP VIEW
PHASE 7 LGATE UGATE 8
ISL6209 Block Diagram
VCC DELAY
BOOT UGATE
PWM 10K
CONTROL LOGIC
SHOOTTHROUGH PROTECTION
VCC
PHASE
LGATE GND
THERMAL PAD (FOR QFN PACKAGE ONLY)
FIGURE 1. BLOCK DIAGRAM
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ISL6209 Typical Application - Two Phase Converter Using ISL6209 Gate Drivers
VBAT +5V +5V VCC +5V FB VCC VSEN PGOOD PWM1 PWM2 PWM DELAY DRIVE ISL6209 PHASE LGATE COMP BOOT UGATE +VCORE
MAIN CONTROL VID ISEN1 ISEN2 +5V VBAT
VCC FS DACOUT GND PWM DELAY DRIVE ISL6209
BOOT UGATE PHASE LGATE
FIGURE 2. TYPICAL APPLICATION
3
ISL6209
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Supply Voltage (VCC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to 7V BOOT Voltage (VBOOT). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to 33V Phase Voltage (VPHASE) (Note 1) . . . VBOOT - 7V to VBOOT + 0.3V Input Voltage (VPWM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to VCC + 0.3V UGATE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VPHASE - 0.3V to VBOOT + 0.3V LGATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to VCC + 0.3V Ambient Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-40C to 125C
Thermal Information
Thermal Resistance (Typical Notes 2, 3, 4) JA (C/W) JC (C/W) SOIC Package (Note 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 N/A QFN Package (Notes 3, 4). . . . . . . . . . 80 15 Maximum Junction Temperature (Plastic Package) . . . . . . . . 150C Maximum Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . -65C to 150C Maximum Lead Temperature (Soldering 10s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300C (SOIC - Lead Tips Only)
Recommended Operating Conditions
Ambient Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-10C to 100C Maximum Operating Junction Temperature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125C Supply Voltage, VCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5V 10%
CAUTION: Stresses above those listed in "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress only rating and operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied.
NOTES: 1. The Phase Voltage is capable of withstanding -7V when the BOOT pin is at GND. 2. JA is measured with the component mounted on a high effective thermal conductivity test board in free air. See Tech Brief TB379 for details. 3. JA is measured in free air with the component mounted on a high effective thermal conductivity test board with "direct attach" features. See Tech Brief TB379. 4. For JC, the "case temp" location is the center of the exposed metal pad on the package underside.
Electrical Specifications
PARAMETER VCC SUPPLY CURRENT Bias Supply Current POR Rising POR Falling Hysteresis BOOTSTRAP DIODE Forward Voltage PWM INPUT Input Current
Recommended Operating Conditions, Unless Otherwise Noted. SYMBOL TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
IVCC
PWM pin floating, VVCC = 5V
2.2 -
85 3.4 2.9 500
4.2 -
A
mV
VF
VVCC = 5V, forward bias current = 2mA
0.40
0.60
0.65
V
IPWM
VPWM = 5V VPWM = 0V
3.1 -
250 -250 150
1.8 -
A A V V ns
PWM Three-State Rising Threshold PWM Three-State Falling Threshold Three-State Shutdown Holdoff Time SWITCHING TIME UGATE Rise Time LGATE Rise Time UGATE Fall Time LGATE Fall Time UGATE Turn-Off Propagation Delay LGATE Turn-Off Propagation Delay UGATE Turn-On Propagation Delay LGATE Turn-On Propagation Delay tRUGATE tRLGATE tFUGATE tFLGATE tPDLUGATE tPDLLGATE tPDHUGATE tPDHLGATE
VVCC = 5V VVCC = 5V VVCC = 5V, temperature = 25C
VVCC = 5V, 3nF Load VVCC = 5V, 3nF Load VVCC = 5V, 3nF Load VVCC = 5V, 3nF Load VVCC = 5V, 3nF Load, DELAY = VCC VVCC = 5V, 3nF Load, DELAY = VCC VVCC = 5V, Outputs Unloaded, DELAY = VCC VVCC = 5V, Outputs Unloaded, DELAY = VCC
5 5
8 8 8 4 8 8 8 8
12 12
ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns
4
ISL6209
Electrical Specifications
PARAMETER OUTPUT Upper Drive Source Resistance Upper Driver Source Current (Note 5) Upper Drive Sink Resistance Upper Driver Sink Current (Note 5) Lower Drive Source Resistance Lower Driver Source Current (Note 5) Lower Drive Sink Resistance Lower Driver Sink Current (Note 5) NOTE: 5. Guaranteed by design, not tested. RUGATE IUGATE RUGATE IUGATE RLGATE ILGATE RLGATE ILGATE 500mA Source Current VUGATE-PHASE = 2.5V 500mA Sink Current VUGATE-PHASE = 2.5V 500mA Source Current VLGATE = 2.5V 500mA Sink Current VLGATE = 2.5V 1.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 0.4 4.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 1.0 A A A A Recommended Operating Conditions, Unless Otherwise Noted. (Continued) SYMBOL TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
Functional Pin Description
UGATE (Pin 1 for SOIC-8, Pin 8 for QFN)
The UGATE pin is the upper gate drive output. Connect to the gate of high-side power N-Channel MOSFET.
DELAY (Pin 7 for SOIC-8, Pin 6 for QFN)
The DELAY pin sets the dead-time between gate switching for the ISL6209. Connect a resistor to GND from this pin to adjust the dead-time, refer to Figure 5. Tie this pin to VCC to disable the delay circuitry. See Shoot-Through Protection section for more detail.
BOOT (Pin 2 for SOIC-8, Pin 1 for QFN)
BOOT is the floating bootstrap supply pin for the upper gate drive. Connect the bootstrap capacitor between this pin and the PHASE pin. The bootstrap capacitor provides the charge to turn on the upper MOSFET. See the Bootstrap Diode and Capacitor section under DESCRIPTION for guidance in choosing the appropriate capacitor value.
PHASE (Pin 8 for SOIC-8, Pin 7 for QFN)
Connect the PHASE pin to the source of the upper MOSFET and the drain of the lower MOSFET. This pin provides a return path for the upper gate driver.
Description
Operation
Designed for speed, the ISL6209 dual MOSFET driver controls both high-side and low-side N-Channel FETs from one externally provided PWM signal. A rising edge on PWM initiates the turn-off of the lower MOSFET (see Timing Diagram). After a short propagation delay [tPDLLGATE], the lower gate begins to fall. Typical fall times [tFLGATE] are provided in the Electrical Specifications section. Adaptive shoot-through circuitry monitors the LGATE voltage and determines the upper gate delay time [tPDHUGATE], based on how quickly the LGATE voltage drops below 1V. This prevents both the lower and upper MOSFETs from conducting simultaneously, or shootthrough. Once this delay period is completed, the upper gate drive begins to rise [tRUGATE], and the upper MOSFET turns on.
PWM (Pin 3 for SOIC-8, Pin 2 for QFN)
The PWM signal is the control input for the driver. The PWM signal can enter three distinct states during operation, see the three-state PWM Input section under DESCRIPTION for further details. Connect this pin to the PWM output of the controller. In addition, place a 500k resistor to ground from this pin. This allows for proper three-state operation under all start-up conditions.
GND (Pin 4 for SOIC-8, Pin 3 for QFN)
GND is the ground pin. All signals are referenced to this node.
LGATE (Pin 5 for SOIC-8, Pin 4 for QFN)
LGATE is the lower gate drive output. Connect to gate of the low-side power N-Channel MOSFET.
VCC (Pin 6 for SOIC-8, Pin 5 for QFN)
Connect the VCC pin to a +5V bias supply. Place a high quality bypass capacitor from this pin to GND.
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ISL6209
PWM
tPDHUGATE tRUGATE tPDLUGATE tFUGATE
UGATE LGATE 1V tFLGATE tPDLLGATE tPDHLGATE
1V
tRLGATE
FIGURE 3. TIMING DIAGRAM
A falling transition on PWM indicates the turn-off of the upper MOSFET and the turn-on of the lower MOSFET. A short propagation delay [tPDLUGATE] is encountered before the upper gate begins to fall [tFUGATE]. Again, the adaptive shoot-through circuitry determines the lower gate delay time tPDHLGATE. The upper MOSFET gate-to-source voltage is monitored, and the lower gate is allowed to rise, after the upper MOSFET gate-to-source voltage drops below 1V. The lower gate then rises [tRLGATE], turning on the lower MOSFET. This driver is optimized for converters with large step down ratio, such as those used in a mobile-computer core voltage regulator. The lower MOSFET is usually sized much larger.Timing Diagram This driver is optimized for converters with large step down compared to the upper MOSFET because the lower MOSFET conducts for a much longer time in a switching period. The lower gate driver is therefore sized much larger to meet this application requirement. The 0.4 on-resistance and 4A sink current capability enable the lower gate driver to absorb the current injected to the lower gate through the drain-to-gate capacitor of the lower MOSFET and prevent a shoot through caused by the high dv/dt of the phase node.
thresholds outlined in the ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS determine when the lower and upper gates are enabled. During start-up, PWM should be in the three-state position (1/2 VCC) until actively driven by the controller IC.
Shoot-Through Protection
The ISL6209 driver delivers shoot-through protection by incorporating gate threshold monitoring and programmable dead-time to prevent upper and lower MOSFETs from conducting simultaneously, thereby shorting the input supply to ground. Gate threshold monitoring ensures that one gate is OFF before the other is allowed to turn ON. During turn-off of the lower MOSFET, the LGATE voltage is monitored until it reaches a 1V threshold, at which time the UGATE is released to rise. Internal circuitry monitors the upper MOSFET gate-to-source voltage during UGATE turn-off. Once the upper MOSFET gate-to-source voltage has dropped below a threshold of 1V, the LGATE is allowed to rise. In addition to gate threshold monitoring, a programmable delay between MOSFET switching can be accomplished by placing a resistor from the DELAY pin to ground. This delay allows for maximum design flexibility over MOSFET selection. The delay can be programmed from 5ns to 50ns. If not desired, the DELAY pin must be tied to VCC to disable the delay circuitry. Gate threshold monitoring is not affected by the addition or removal of the additional dead-time. Refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 for more detail.
Three-State PWM Input
A unique feature of the ISL6209 and other Intersil drivers is the addition of a shutdown window to the PWM input. If the PWM signal enters and remains within the shutdown window for a set holdoff time, the output drivers are disabled and both MOSFET gates are pulled and held low. The shutdown state is removed when the PWM signal moves outside the shutdown window. Otherwise, the PWM rising and falling
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ISL6209
DELAY = VCC GATE B GATE A
DELAY = RESISTOR TO GROUND GATE B
GATE A
tPDHUGATE 1V 1V
tdelay = 5n - 50ns
FIGURE 4. PROGRAMMABLE DEAD-TIME: TOTAL DELAY = tPDHUGATE + tdelay
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50 45 40 DEAD-TIME (ns) 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 50 100 150 RDELAY (k) 200 250 300 tDELAY
bootstrap capacitor can be chosen from the following equation:
Q GATE C BOOT ----------------------V BOOT
where QGATE is the amount of gate charge required to fully charge the gate of the upper MOSFET. The VBOOT term is defined as the allowable droop in the rail of the upper drive. As an example, suppose an upper MOSFET has a gate charge, QGATE , of 25nC at 5V and also assume the droop in the drive voltage over a PWM cycle is 200mV. One will find that a bootstrap capacitance of at least 0.125F is required. The next larger standard value capacitance is 0.22F. A good quality ceramic capacitor is recommended.
2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4
CBOOT(F)
FIGURE 5. ADDITIONAL PROGRAMMED DEAD-TIME (tDELAY) vs DELAY RESISTOR VALUE
The equation governing the dead-time seen in Figure 5 is expressed as:
T DELAY = [ ( 160 x 10
- 15
1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4
50nC QGATE = 100nC
) x R DELAY ] + 6ns
The equation can be rewritten to solve for RDELAY as follows:
( T DELAY - 6ns ) R DELAY = ------------------------------------------160 x 10 - 15
0.2
20nC
Internal Bootstrap Diode
This driver features an internal bootstrap Schottky diode. Simply adding an external capacitor across the BOOT and PHASE pins completes the bootstrap circuit. The bootstrap capacitor must have a maximum voltage rating above the maximum battery voltage plus 5V. The 7
0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
VBOOT(V)
FIGURE 6. BOOTSTRAP CAPACITANCE vs BOOT RIPPLE VOLTAGE
ISL6209
Power Dissipation
Package power dissipation is mainly a function of the switching frequency and total gate charge of the selected MOSFETs. Calculating the power dissipation in the driver for a desired application is critical to ensuring safe operation. Exceeding the maximum allowable power dissipation level will push the IC beyond the maximum recommended operating junction temperature of 125C. The maximum allowable IC power dissipation for the SO-8 package is approximately 800mW. When designing the driver into an application, it is recommended that the following calculation be performed to ensure safe operation at the desired frequency for the selected MOSFETs. The power dissipated by the driver is approximated as:
P = f sw ( 1.5V U Q + V L Q ) + I VCC V U L CC
1000 900 800 700 POWER (mW) 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 QU=20nC QL =50nC QU =100nC QL = 200nC QU =50nC QL =100nC
QU =50nC QL =50nC
where fsw is the switching frequency of the PWM signal. VU and VL represent the upper and lower gate rail voltage. QU and QL is the upper and lower gate charge determined by MOSFET selection and any external capacitance added to the gate pins. The IVCC VCC product is the quiescent power of the driver and is typically negligible.
FREQUENCY (kHz)
FIGURE 7. POWER DISSIPATION vs FREQUENCY
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ISL6209 Quad Flat No-Lead Plastic Package (QFN) Micro Lead Frame Plastic Package (MLFP)
L8.3x3
8 LEAD QUAD FLAT NO-LEAD PLASTIC PACKAGE (COMPLIANT TO JEDEC MO-220VEEC ISSUE C) MILLIMETERS SYMBOL A A1 A2 A3 b D D1 D2 E E1 E2 e k L L1 N Nd Ne P 0.25 0.35 0.60 8 2 2 0.60 12 0.25 0.25 0.23 MIN 0.80 NOMINAL 0.90 0.20 REF 0.28 3.00 BSC 2.75 BSC 1.10 3.00 BSC 2.75 BSC 1.10 0.65 BSC 0.75 0.15 1.25 1.25 0.38 MAX 1.00 0.05 1.00 NOTES 9 9 5, 8 9 7, 8 9 7, 8 8 10 2 3 3 9 9 Rev. 1 10/02 NOTES: 1. Dimensioning and tolerancing conform to ASME Y14.5-1994. 2. N is the number of terminals. 3. Nd and Ne refer to the number of terminals on each D and E. 4. All dimensions are in millimeters. Angles are in degrees. 5. Dimension b applies to the metallized terminal and is measured between 0.15mm and 0.30mm from the terminal tip. 6. The configuration of the pin #1 identifier is optional, but must be located within the zone indicated. The pin #1 identifier may be either a mold or mark feature. 7. Dimensions D2 and E2 are for the exposed pads which provide improved electrical and thermal performance. 8. Nominal dimensions are provided to assist with PCB Land Pattern Design efforts, see Intersil Technical Brief TB389. 9. Features and dimensions A2, A3, D1, E1, P & are present when Anvil singulation method is used and not present for saw singulation. 10. Depending on the method of lead termination at the edge of the package, a maximum 0.15mm pull back (L1) maybe present. L minus L1 to be equal to or greater than 0.3mm.
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ISL6209 Small Outline Plastic Packages (SOIC)
N INDEX AREA H E -B1 2 3 SEATING PLANE -AD -CA h x 45o 0.25(0.010) M BM
M8.15 (JEDEC MS-012-AA ISSUE C)
8 LEAD NARROW BODY SMALL OUTLINE PLASTIC PACKAGE INCHES SYMBOL A
L
MILLIMETERS MIN 1.35 0.10 0.33 0.19 4.80 3.80 MAX 1.75 0.25 0.51 0.25 5.00 4.00 NOTES 9 3 4 5 6 7 8o Rev. 0 12/93
MIN 0.0532 0.0040 0.013 0.0075 0.1890 0.1497
MAX 0.0688 0.0098 0.020 0.0098 0.1968 0.1574
A1 B C D E e
C

A1 0.10(0.004)
e
B 0.25(0.010) M C AM BS
0.050 BSC 0.2284 0.0099 0.016 8 0o 8o 0.2440 0.0196 0.050
1.27 BSC 5.80 0.25 0.40 8 0o 6.20 0.50 1.27
H h L N
NOTES: 1. Symbols are defined in the "MO Series Symbol List" in Section 2.2 of Publication Number 95. 2. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ANSI Y14.5M-1982. 3. Dimension "D" does not include mold flash, protrusions or gate burrs. Mold flash, protrusion and gate burrs shall not exceed 0.15mm (0.006 inch) per side. 4. Dimension "E" does not include interlead flash or protrusions. Interlead flash and protrusions shall not exceed 0.25mm (0.010 inch) per side. 5. The chamfer on the body is optional. If it is not present, a visual index feature must be located within the crosshatched area. 6. "L" is the length of terminal for soldering to a substrate. 7. "N" is the number of terminal positions. 8. Terminal numbers are shown for reference only. 9. The lead width "B", as measured 0.36mm (0.014 inch) or greater above the seating plane, shall not exceed a maximum value of 0.61mm (0.024 inch). 10. Controlling dimension: MILLIMETER. Converted inch dimensions are not necessarily exact.
All Intersil U.S. products are manufactured, assembled and tested utilizing ISO9000 quality systems. Intersil Corporation's quality certifications can be viewed at www.intersil.com/design/quality
Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil Corporation reserves the right to make changes in circuit design, software and/or specifications at any time without notice. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. Information furnished by Intersil is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Intersil or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Intersil or its subsidiaries.
For information regarding Intersil Corporation and its products, see www.intersil.com 10

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